BIOMEDICAL PROJECTS-Digital Pulmonary Function Test – Spirometry
ABSTRACT:-
Pulmonary function test is helpful in diagnosis lung diseases. It helps
the doctor to detect the range of respiratory diseases. This test can be
helpful to cure respiratory diseases if detected early. The simplest test is
spirometry, which measures how fast the lungs can breath in and out, and also
the volume of air lung can exhaled in the first and second of test. A peak flow
meter can determine how much a patient’s airways have narrowed.
Our aim is to make a microcontroller
based spirometer which displays the output in form of signals.
Spirometry
(meaning the measuring of breath) is the most common of the Pulmonary
Function Tests (PFTs), measuring lung function, specifically the measurement of
the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled.
Spirometry is an important tool used for generating pneumotachograph to
assessing conditions such as asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and COPD.
The basic FVC test varies
slightly depending on the equipment used.
Generally, the patient is
asked to take the deepest breath they can, and then exhale into the sensor as
hard as possible, for as long as possible. It is sometimes directly followed by
a rapid inhalation (inspiration), in particular when assessing possible upper
airway obstruction. Sometimes, the test will be preceded by a period of quiet
breathing in and out from the sensor (tidal volume), or the rapid breath in (forced
inspiratory part) will come before the forced exhalation.
During the test, soft nose
clips may be used to prevent air escaping through the nose. Filter mouthpieces
may be used to prevent the spread of microorganisms, particularly for
inspiratory maneuvers.
SENSOR:
We have used a Turbine Flow sensor to
measure the Tidal Volume. If air is blown into the sensor, the fan inside the
sensor rotates and a proximity sensor kept nearby will generate an series of
pulse signals, which is then amplified and given as a pulse input to the PIC
Microcontroller for Display.
For Eg: if the 7ml of gas goes to
the rotor and rotor will give 1 pulse.so we have taken 1pulse=7ml.and as per
the count we make program for microcontroller to count pulses.
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